Verification & validation by docking: a case study of agent-based models of Anopheles gambiae

In this paper, using the technique of docking, we perform verification & validation (V&V) of agent-based simulation models that simulate the life cycle of Anopheles gambiae, the primary vector for malaria transmission. Working with one (out of several) particular version of the core conceptual simulation model, we perform: (1) verification between two separate implementations (Java & C++) built independently from the core model, and (2) validation by comparing these implementations to the core model. Incremental agreement in model output by iterative docking serves the purpose of increasing confidence to the core model and revealing conceptual errors in model-building, as well as to clarify concepts and eliminate semantic ambiguities. Results indicate that V&V should be performed in parallel, and the entire docking process should be iterative in nature, utilizing well-planned feedback from earlier implementations.